Are all particles identical?

F eb 2 00 5 Are All Particles Identical ?

We consider the possibility that all particles in the world are fundamentally identical, i.e., belong to the same species. Different masses, charges, spins, flavors, or colors then merely correspond to different quantum states of the same particle, just as spin-up and spin-down do. The implications of this viewpoint can be best appreciated within Bohmian mechanics, a precise formulation of quan...

Are All Particles Real?

In Bohmian mechanics elementary particles exist objectively, as point particles moving according to a law determined by a wavefunction. In this context, questions as to whether the particles of a certain species are real—questions such as, Do photons exist? Electrons? Or just the quarks?—have a clear meaning. We explain that, whatever the answer, there is a corresponding Bohm-type theory, and n...

Are Biosimilars Identical to the Reference Products?

Are Biosimilars Identical to the Reference Products?

Systems of Identical Particles

1 States 1 1.